Longitudinal research or panel studies The investigators identify the boundaries, and these boundaries (what is and what is not a case) are continually kept in focus. Case studies have been considered a research strategy or design, an evaluation method can i write a book, and a reporting mode. We felt case study research was important to define because it is a common approach in healthcare research. In part questions about critical thinking, this may be because the units of interest in healthcare research (patient, practice, health system) can often be easily bounded and seen by the researcher as a case. The goal in case study research is to understand the boundaries of the case and the complexity of the behavior patterns of the bounded system. Common Methods used in Case Study Research Stake (1994) identifies three types of case studies: Collection of Artifacts and Texts . Researchers may also learn about a bounded system by collecting and studying artifacts (e.g. written protocols, charts, flowsheets, educational handouts) - materials used by members of the system or case being studied. Researchers may study a single case or mutiple cases. In multiple case studies, researchers study cases in depth individually as well as look across cases for similarities and differences. A case may be simple or complex. It may be a single patient, a practice individual reflective essay samples, a health care system. Stake cover letter with referral from employee, RE. (1994). Case Studies. In NK Denzin & YS Lincoln (Eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 236-247). Thousand Oaks essay for scholarship applications best, Sage Publications. Unlike the other approaches we discuss, case study research does not emerge from a particular social scientific tradition. Additionally parts of an essay writing, case studies can be qualitative and/or quantitative. It is quite likely, as Stake (1994) points out, that researchers doing case study research are calling it by another name. Case studies, as a research design, are also being conducted across disciplines and research traditions. Participant Observation . This involves the researcher immersing him or herself in the daily lives and routines of those being studied. This often requires extensive work in the setting being studied. This is called fieldwork. Observation provides insight into the behavior patterns and social organizations that operate and constitute a particular bounded system or case. The goal of case study research is to understand the complexity of a case in the most complete way possible. For this reason buy persuasive speech online, case study research often involves the use of multiple methods for collecting data. By using multiple sources of data (and both qualitative and quantitative data) researchers may attain the richest possible understanding of a case. The qualitative methods described below are all likely to be used in case study research. Mariano, C. (2001). "Case Study The Method." In Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective . PL Munhall (Ed.) pp. 359-384. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Crabtree, BF & Miller current topic for essay, WL. (1999). "Researching practice settings: A case study approach." In BF Crabtree and WL Miller (Eds.) Doing Qualitative Research (2nd edition, pp. 293-312). Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage Publications. A case can be "whatever bounded system (to use Louis Smith's term) is of interest." (Stake, 1983, p. 283.) Interviewing . Researchers will learn about the person or persons that are part of the case by speaking with these people. Talking with informants is called interviewing. The types of interviews conducted by researchers vary in degree of formality (informal interview to semi-structured to structured interviews). Patton, MQ. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.) Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. "Case study is defined by individual cases, not by the methods of inquiry used." (Stake, 1994 list of thesis title for it students, p. 236)
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